Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the ovaries. The ovaries are small organs in a woman’s lower belly. They make eggs and hormones. Although ovarian cancer is not as common as some other cancers, it can be serious. Early detection can make a big difference. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Because symptoms are often mild at first, many women do not notice them right away.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer symptoms can be hard to spot. However, knowing what to look for can help you catch it early. Some common symptoms include:

Bloating or swelling in the belly

Pain in the lower belly or pelvis

Feeling full quickly when eating

Needing to urinate often or urgently

Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation

Unexplained weight loss

Fatigue or low energy

Sometimes, these symptoms are caused by other, less serious conditions. Yet, if they last for more than two weeks, you should talk to your doctor. Early signs are often mild, but they should not be ignored.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of ovarian cancer. Still, certain factors can raise your risk. For example, your risk is higher if you:

Are over age 50

Have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer

Carry certain gene changes, like BRCA1 or BRCA2

Have never been pregnant

Started periods early or reached menopause late

Used hormone replacement therapy for a long time

On the other hand, some women with these risk factors never get ovarian cancer. Likewise, women without any risk factors can still develop it. Therefore, regular check-ups are important for everyone.

How Ovarian Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose ovarian cancer. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may do a physical exam. If they suspect ovarian cancer, they might order tests such as:

Pelvic ultrasound to look at the ovaries

Blood tests, like CA-125, to check for cancer markers

CT scans or MRI for detailed images

Biopsy, where a small tissue sample is checked for cancer cells

Early diagnosis can improve treatment results. So, if you notice lasting symptoms, see your doctor soon. According to the CDC, regular visits and open talks with your doctor can help catch problems early.

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cancer

Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer. Most women need a mix of treatments. Common options include:

Surgery to remove the tumor or ovaries

Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to kill cancer cells

Targeted therapy, which attacks cancer cells in specific ways

Radiation therapy, though it is less common for ovarian cancer

Sometimes, doctors use more than one treatment. Your care team will explain the best plan for you. New treatments and clinical trials may also be available. Therefore, ask your doctor about all your options.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot prevent all cases of ovarian cancer, you can lower your risk. Here are some helpful tips:

Maintain a healthy weight

Eat a balanced diet with fruits and vegetables

Exercise regularly

Consider birth control pills, but only after talking to your doctor

Know your family history and discuss it with your doctor

Get regular check-ups and screenings

Even though these steps do not guarantee prevention, they can help you stay healthier overall. Early action is always better than waiting.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any symptoms of ovarian cancer that last more than two weeks, see your doctor. For example, ongoing bloating, pain, or changes in eating should not be ignored. Early diagnosis can save lives. In addition, if you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, talk to your doctor about your risk. They may suggest extra tests or genetic counseling. Remember, it is always better to ask questions and get checked early.

If you have concerns about ovarian cancer or your risk, consult a healthcare specialist at Guru Nanak Hospital. They can give you advice that fits your needs and help you stay healthy.